Core vocabulary organized by category for quick reference.
People & Family
Family Members
| Spanish | English |
|---|
| la familia | family |
| el padre | father |
| la madre | mother |
| los padres | parents |
| el hijo | son |
| la hija | daughter |
| los hijos | children |
| el hermano | brother |
| la hermana | sister |
| el abuelo | grandfather |
| la abuela | grandmother |
| los abuelos | grandparents |
| el nieto | grandson |
| la nieta | granddaughter |
| el tío | uncle |
| la tía | aunt |
| el primo | cousin (male) |
| la prima | cousin (female) |
| el sobrino | nephew |
| la sobrina | niece |
| el esposo/marido | husband |
| la esposa/mujer | wife |
| el novio | boyfriend |
| la novia | girlfriend |
| el suegro | father-in-law |
| la suegra | mother-in-law |
People
| Spanish | English |
|---|
| la persona | person |
| el hombre | man |
| la mujer | woman |
| el chico | boy |
| la chica | girl |
| el niño | child (male) |
| la niña | child (female) |
| el bebé | baby |
| el amigo | friend (male) |
| la amiga | friend (female) |
| el vecino | neighbor |
| el jefe | boss |
| el colega | colleague |
Body Parts
| Spanish | English |
|---|
| la cabeza | head |
| el pelo/cabello | hair |
| la cara | face |
| los ojos | eyes |
| la nariz | nose |
| la boca | mouth |
| los labios | lips |
| los dientes | teeth |
| la lengua | tongue |
| las orejas | ears |
| el cuello | neck |
| el hombro | shoulder |
| el brazo | arm |
| el codo | elbow |
| la muñeca | wrist |
| la mano | hand |
| el dedo | finger |
| la uña | fingernail |
| el pecho | chest |
| la espalda | back |
| el estómago | stomach |
| la pierna | leg |
| la rodilla | knee |
| el tobillo | ankle |
| el pie | foot |
| el dedo del pie | toe |
| el corazón | heart |
Food & Drink
Meals
| Spanish | English |
|---|
| el desayuno | breakfast |
| el almuerzo | lunch |
| la comida | meal/lunch |
| la cena | dinner |
| la merienda | snack |
Basic Foods
| Spanish | English |
|---|
| el pan | bread |
| el arroz | rice |
| la pasta | pasta |
| el huevo | egg |
| la carne | meat |
| el pollo | chicken |
| el cerdo | pork |
| la res | beef |
| el pescado | fish |
| los mariscos | seafood |
| las verduras | vegetables |
| la fruta | fruit |
| la ensalada | salad |
| la sopa | soup |
| el queso | cheese |
| la mantequilla | butter |
Fruits
| Spanish | English |
|---|
| la manzana | apple |
| la naranja | orange |
| el plátano | banana |
| las uvas | grapes |
| la fresa | strawberry |
| el limón | lemon |
| la sandía | watermelon |
| el melocotón | peach |
| la piña | pineapple |
| el mango | mango |
Vegetables
| Spanish | English |
|---|
| la patata/papa | potato |
| el tomate | tomato |
| la cebolla | onion |
| el ajo | garlic |
| la zanahoria | carrot |
| la lechuga | lettuce |
| el pimiento | pepper |
| el pepino | cucumber |
| las judías verdes | green beans |
| el maíz | corn |
| los guisantes | peas |
| el brócoli | broccoli |
Drinks
| Spanish | English |
|---|
| el agua | water |
| el café | coffee |
| el té | tea |
| la leche | milk |
| el zumo/jugo | juice |
| el vino | wine |
| la cerveza | beer |
| el refresco | soft drink |
House & Home
Rooms
| Spanish | English |
|---|
| la casa | house |
| el piso/apartamento | apartment |
| la habitación | room |
| el dormitorio | bedroom |
| el baño | bathroom |
| la cocina | kitchen |
| el salón/sala | living room |
| el comedor | dining room |
| el despacho | office |
| el garaje | garage |
| el jardín | garden |
| el sótano | basement |
| el ático | attic |
Furniture
| Spanish | English |
|---|
| la cama | bed |
| la mesa | table |
| la silla | chair |
| el sofá | sofa |
| el escritorio | desk |
| el armario | closet/wardrobe |
| la estantería | bookshelf |
| la lámpara | lamp |
| la alfombra | carpet/rug |
| el espejo | mirror |
Household Items
| Spanish | English |
|---|
| la puerta | door |
| la ventana | window |
| la pared | wall |
| el techo | ceiling |
| el suelo | floor |
| la escalera | stairs |
| la llave | key |
| el televisor | television |
| el teléfono | telephone |
| la computadora | computer |
Clothing
| Spanish | English |
|---|
| la ropa | clothes |
| la camisa | shirt |
| la camiseta | t-shirt |
| los pantalones | pants |
| los vaqueros | jeans |
| la falda | skirt |
| el vestido | dress |
| el traje | suit |
| la chaqueta | jacket |
| el abrigo | coat |
| el suéter | sweater |
| los calcetines | socks |
| los zapatos | shoes |
| las botas | boots |
| las zapatillas | sneakers |
| el cinturón | belt |
| el sombrero | hat |
| la gorra | cap |
| los guantes | gloves |
| la bufanda | scarf |
| la corbata | tie |
| el traje de baño | swimsuit |
Transportation
| Spanish | English |
|---|
| el coche/carro | car |
| el autobús | bus |
| el tren | train |
| el metro | subway |
| el avión | airplane |
| el barco | boat/ship |
| la bicicleta | bicycle |
| la moto | motorcycle |
| el taxi | taxi |
| el camión | truck |
| la estación | station |
| el aeropuerto | airport |
| la parada | stop |
| el billete | ticket |
| el pasaporte | passport |
| el equipaje | luggage |
| la maleta | suitcase |
Places
In the City
| Spanish | English |
|---|
| la ciudad | city |
| el pueblo | town/village |
| la calle | street |
| la avenida | avenue |
| la plaza | square |
| el parque | park |
| el edificio | building |
| la tienda | store |
| el supermercado | supermarket |
| el centro comercial | shopping center |
| el restaurante | restaurant |
| el café | café |
| el bar | bar |
| el banco | bank |
| el hospital | hospital |
| la farmacia | pharmacy |
| la oficina de correos | post office |
| la biblioteca | library |
| el museo | museum |
| el cine | cinema |
| el teatro | theater |
| la iglesia | church |
| la escuela | school |
| la universidad | university |
| el hotel | hotel |
| la gasolinera | gas station |
Nature
| Spanish | English |
|---|
| el campo | countryside |
| el bosque | forest |
| la montaña | mountain |
| el río | river |
| el lago | lake |
| el mar | sea |
| la playa | beach |
| la isla | island |
| el desierto | desert |
| el cielo | sky |
| el sol | sun |
| la luna | moon |
| las estrellas | stars |
| el árbol | tree |
| la flor | flower |
| la hierba | grass |
Work & School
Professions
| Spanish | English |
|---|
| el/la médico/a | doctor |
| el/la enfermero/a | nurse |
| el/la profesor/a | teacher |
| el/la maestro/a | elementary teacher |
| el/la abogado/a | lawyer |
| el/la ingeniero/a | engineer |
| el/la arquitecto/a | architect |
| el/la contador/a | accountant |
| el/la programador/a | programmer |
| el/la periodista | journalist |
| el/la escritor/a | writer |
| el/la artista | artist |
| el/la músico/a | musician |
| el/la chef/cocinero/a | chef/cook |
| el/la policía | police officer |
| el/la bombero/a | firefighter |
| el/la vendedor/a | salesperson |
| el/la secretario/a | secretary |
| el/la empresario/a | entrepreneur |
Work Terms
| Spanish | English |
|---|
| el trabajo | work/job |
| la empresa | company |
| la oficina | office |
| el sueldo | salary |
| la reunión | meeting |
| el proyecto | project |
| el cliente | client |
| el empleado | employee |
| el contrato | contract |
| las vacaciones | vacation |
School Terms
| Spanish | English |
|---|
| la clase | class |
| el examen | exam |
| la tarea | homework |
| el libro | book |
| el cuaderno | notebook |
| el lápiz | pencil |
| el bolígrafo | pen |
| la mochila | backpack |
| el estudiante | student |
| la nota | grade |
Common Verbs
Essential Verbs
| Spanish | English |
|---|
| ser | to be (permanent) |
| estar | to be (temporary) |
| tener | to have |
| hacer | to do/make |
| ir | to go |
| venir | to come |
| ver | to see |
| dar | to give |
| saber | to know (facts) |
| conocer | to know (people) |
| poder | to be able to |
| querer | to want |
| deber | should/must |
| decir | to say |
| poner | to put |
| salir | to leave |
| llegar | to arrive |
| pasar | to pass/happen |
| quedar | to stay/remain |
| creer | to believe |
| pensar | to think |
| sentir | to feel |
| buscar | to look for |
| encontrar | to find |
| llevar | to carry/wear |
| traer | to bring |
Daily Actions
| Spanish | English |
|---|
| comer | to eat |
| beber | to drink |
| dormir | to sleep |
| despertar | to wake up |
| levantarse | to get up |
| ducharse | to shower |
| vestirse | to get dressed |
| trabajar | to work |
| estudiar | to study |
| leer | to read |
| escribir | to write |
| hablar | to speak |
| escuchar | to listen |
| caminar | to walk |
| correr | to run |
| conducir | to drive |
| comprar | to buy |
| vender | to sell |
| pagar | to pay |
| cocinar | to cook |
| limpiar | to clean |
Common Adjectives
Descriptive
| Spanish | English |
|---|
| grande | big |
| pequeño | small |
| alto | tall |
| bajo | short |
| largo | long |
| corto | short |
| ancho | wide |
| estrecho | narrow |
| gordo | fat |
| delgado/flaco | thin |
| joven | young |
| viejo | old |
| nuevo | new |
| antiguo | ancient/old |
| bueno | good |
| malo | bad |
| bonito | pretty |
| feo | ugly |
| fácil | easy |
| difícil | difficult |
| rápido | fast |
| lento | slow |
| caro | expensive |
| barato | cheap |
| limpio | clean |
| sucio | dirty |
| lleno | full |
| vacío | empty |
| abierto | open |
| cerrado | closed |
Personality
| Spanish | English |
|---|
| simpático | nice/likeable |
| antipático | unpleasant |
| amable | kind |
| inteligente | intelligent |
| tonto | silly/stupid |
| trabajador | hardworking |
| perezoso | lazy |
| tranquilo | calm |
| nervioso | nervous |
| alegre | cheerful |
| triste | sad |
| serio | serious |
| divertido | fun/funny |
| aburrido | boring |
| interesante | interesting |
| honesto | honest |
| generoso | generous |
| tímido | shy |
Feelings
| Spanish | English |
|---|
| feliz | happy |
| contento | content |
| triste | sad |
| enojado/enfadado | angry |
| preocupado | worried |
| cansado | tired |
| hambriento | hungry |
| sediento | thirsty |
| enfermo | sick |
| sano | healthy |
| ocupado | busy |
| libre | free |
| sorprendido | surprised |
| asustado | scared |
| emocionado | excited |
Colors
| Spanish | English |
|---|
| rojo | red |
| azul | blue |
| verde | green |
| amarillo | yellow |
| naranja | orange |
| morado/púrpura | purple |
| rosa/rosado | pink |
| marrón/café | brown |
| negro | black |
| blanco | white |
| gris | gray |
| dorado | gold |
| plateado | silver |
| claro | light |
| oscuro | dark |
Question Words
| Spanish | English |
|---|
| ¿qué? | what? |
| ¿quién? | who? |
| ¿cuál? | which? |
| ¿dónde? | where? |
| ¿adónde? | to where? |
| ¿cuándo? | when? |
| ¿por qué? | why? |
| ¿cómo? | how? |
| ¿cuánto? | how much? |
| ¿cuántos? | how many? |
Connectors & Transitions
| Spanish | English |
|---|
| y | and |
| o | or |
| pero | but |
| porque | because |
| entonces | then/so |
| sin embargo | however |
| además | besides/also |
| también | also |
| tampoco | neither |
| aunque | although |
| si | if |
| cuando | when |
| mientras | while |
| después | after |
| antes | before |
| primero | first |
| luego | then |
| finalmente | finally |
| por eso | that's why |
| por lo tanto | therefore |
Useful Expressions
| Spanish | English |
|---|
| por favor | please |
| gracias | thank you |
| de nada | you're welcome |
| lo siento | I'm sorry |
| con permiso | excuse me |
| perdón | pardon |
| claro | of course |
| vale/bueno | okay |
| ¡salud! | bless you/cheers! |
| ¡suerte! | good luck! |
| ¡cuidado! | careful! |
| no hay problema | no problem |
| no te preocupes | don't worry |
| ¡qué bien! | how nice! |
| ¡qué lástima! | what a pity! |
| depende | it depends |
| más o menos | more or less |
| a lo mejor | maybe |
| en serio | seriously |
| por supuesto | of course |
Where to Go From Here
Pick a few categories above and drill them daily until recall is automatic. Pair the lists with SpanishDict for conjugations, Forvo for native pronunciation, and Dreaming Spanish for comprehensible input. Then start using the words: write a short journal entry in Spanish, label objects in your home, or speak aloud while you cook. Vocabulary sticks when it leaves the page.